Heavy chain libraries

ABSTRACT

The invention provides libraries comprising binding molecules adapted to expression in an expression organism, but also transferable to a human context without undergoing a change in conformation and/or build up. A method for producing a human monoclonal antibody includes: providing a library of binding molecules, the binding domain of which consists essentially of human heavy chain variable fragments in a functional format, selecting from the library at least one heavy chain variable fragment having a desired binding affinity, and inserting a nucleic acid encoding the heavy chain variable fragment into a nucleic acid encoding the complementary part of at least a heavy chain of the human monoclonal antibody, allowing for expression of the resulting heavy chain and for assembly of the heavy chain with a desired light chain, and producing a human monoclonal antibody. The heavy chain variable fragment&#39;s conformation retains its binding affinity whether it is in phage display or in its normal heavy chain environment. A method for making a library for use in the method is also provided, as are methods of keeping heavy chain variable fragments in the conformation. The invention allows for the production of larger libraries than known ones. Further, loss of specificities and affinities due to expression problems are reduced.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a continuation of PCT International Patent Application No. PCT/NL/01/00670, filed on Sep. 12, 2001, designating the United States of America, and published, in English, as PCT International Publication No. WO 02/28903 A2 on Apr. 11, 2002 (see, also, European Patent Appln. EP 1 188 771 A1, published Mar. 20, 2002), the contents of the entirety of both which are incorporated by this reference. This application also claims benefit, under 35 USC §119(e), to U.S. Provisional Patent Appln. 60/232,192, filed on Sep. 13, 2002.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The invention relates to the fields of molecular biology and immunology and, in particular, to the field of designing, for example, human antibodies having a desired binding affinity through display and selection techniques.

BACKGROUND

[0003] The exposure to a highly diverse and continuously changing environment requires a dynamic immune system that is able to rapidly adapt in order to adequately respond to potentially harmful microorganisms. Higher organisms have evolved specialized molecular mechanisms to ensure the implementation of clonally-distributed, highly diverse repertoires of antigen-receptor molecules expressed by cells of the immune system: immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules on B lymphocytes and T cell receptors on T lymphocytes. For B lymphocytes, a primary repertoire of (generally low affinity) Ig receptors is established during B cell differentiation in the bone marrow as a result of rearrangement of germline-encoded gene segments. Further refinement of Ig receptor specificity and affinity takes place in peripheral lymphoid organs where antigen-stimulated B lymphocytes activate a somatic hypermutation machinery that specifically targets the immunoglobulin variable (V) regions. During this process, B cell clones with mutant Ig receptors of higher affinity for the inciting antigen are stimulated into clonal proliferation and maturation into antibody-secreting plasma cells (reviewed in 1).

[0004] Recently, recombinant DNA technology has been used to mimic many aspects of the processes that govern the generation and selection of natural human antibody repertoires (reviewed in 2, 3). For instance, the construction of large repertoires of antibody fragments expressed on the surface of filamentous phage particles and the selection of phages by “panning” on antigens has been developed as a versatile and rapid method to obtain antibodies of desired specificities (reviewed in 4,5). Further optimization of the affinity of individual phage antibodies has been achieved by creating mutant antibody repertoires that are expressed on bacteriophage particles and sampled for higher affinity mutants by selection for binding to antigen under stringent conditions (reviewed in 6). Various approaches have been used to create mutated antibody repertoires, including chain shuffling (7,8), error prone PCR (9), use of E. coli mutator strains (10) or approaches more specifically directed to the complementarity determining regions (“CDRs”) of the antibody molecule, like CDR “walking” and parsimonious mutagenesis (11-13).

[0005] Libraries created so far have a more limited span of specificities than possible. This is in large part due to the fact that many specificities present are not expressed or exposed properly by the organism, for example, chosen for expression of the library components. This is most likely due to a lack of adaptation of the expression products to the expression environment.

[0006] Furthermore, the libraries created so far, if they contain a desired specificity, require engineering of the nucleic acid encoding the specificity in order to be able to create a fully human monoclonal antibody. For instance, in single chain Fv molecules, the light chain encoding sequence and the heavy chain encoding sequence are separated from the linker sequence and separately inserted into a complementary part of a heavy chain encoding sequence and a light chain encoding sequence. Upon this rearranging of the variable parts, specificity and affinity may change.

[0007] The present invention solves these problems at least in part. Other advantages and embodiments of the present invention will be clear from the detailed description below.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The invention now provides libraries which comprise binding molecules that are adapted to expression in the expression organism, but which are also transferable to a human context without undergoing a change in conformation and/or build up. Thus, the present invention provides a method for producing a human monoclonal antibody, said method comprising: providing a library of binding molecules, the binding domain of which consists essentially of human heavy chain variable fragments in a functional format, selecting from said library at least one heavy chain variable fragment having a desired binding affinity, and inserting a nucleic acid encoding said heavy chain variable fragment into a nucleic acid encoding the complementary part of at least a, heavy chain of said human monoclonal antibody, allowing for expression of the resulting heavy chain and for assembly of said heavy chain with a desired light chain, and producing a human monoclonal antibody. The present inventors have found that having only a heavy chain derived variable fragment determining the binding affinity of the binding molecules in the library, that, as long as they are presented in a functional format, this will suffice for creating a library at least as large as the known ones, but typically will allow for producing even larger libraries. Also, the loss of specificities and affinities because of expression problems can be reduced, especially according to the preferred embodiments as disclosed herein below. A heavy chain variable fragment is defined as anything based on a fragment the size of a CDR (complementarity determining region) of a heavy chain (e.g., CDR 3) to a heavy chain variable fragment as usually defined in the art. Also, the way the heavy chain variable fragments are encoded, allows for the direct insertion into a (preferably) standard complementary part of the heavy chain encoding nucleic acid without significantly altering its conformation, affinity and/or specificity. The resulting heavy chain (upon expression) can then be assembled with a (preferably standard) light chain. However, this light chain will typically not have any significant binding affinity for the molecule recognized by the heavy chain variable fragment.

[0009] The nucleic acids encoding the heavy and light chains of the resulting human monoclonal antibody may be the same or different. They typically are expressed in a eukaryotic cell, preferably a human cell, preferably a cell like PER.C6. It may be either transient expression or from insertions in the host cell's genome; the latter being preferred.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the methods of the invention are carried out in a manner wherein the heavy chain variable fragment is in a functional format through fusion to a structural protein designed for that purpose. A functional format means that its conformation is such that it retains it binding affinity whether it is in phage display, or in its normal heavy chain environment. Methods of keeping heavy chain variable fragments in such a conformation are an important aspect of the present invention. It is disclosed herein how to provide amino acid sequences capable of simulating the conformation of the heavy chain variable fragment in phage display surroundings the way they are in the natural surroundings. One way is fusing a variable fragment with a known affinity to random sequences, expressing the resulting nucleic acids and selecting for the known affinity. In another preferred embodiment, the equality of the conformation of the phage display fragment and the fragment in the heavy chain environment is removal of at least one sequence which is responsible for associating with a light chain. In this format, an indifferent light chain variable fragment can be used as a structural amino acid sequence. According to the invention, the heavy chain variable fragment is preferably inserted into a standard human heavy chain encoding nucleic acid, derived from a human antibody backbone which is prevalent in the population, these include, but are not limited to members of the VH1, VH3 or VH4 gene families. The same is true for the light chain. These include, but are not limited to members of the Vkappa1, Vkappa3 and Vlambda3 gene familes.

[0011] This way, the invention provides a kit of parts consisting of heavy chain variable fragments having the desired binding affinity to cut from the library and a set of ready to use monoclonal antibody encoding nucleic acids to insert them in.

[0012] Thus, the invention also provides a human monoclonal antibody obtainable by a method according to the invention as disclosed above. As explained previously herein, the invention provides a method for producing a structural amino acid sequence or a nucleic acid sequence encoding such an amino acid sequence for keeping a human heavy chain variable fragment in a functional format upon expression of a nucleic acid encoding such a fragment in a fusion with a nucleic acid encoding a protein expressed associated with the surface of a phage particle, comprising fusing a nucleic acid sequence encoding a possible structural amino acid sequence to a nucleic acid which is a fusion of a human heavy chain variable fragment with a known binding affinity and the nucleic acid encoding a protein expressed associated with the surface of a phage particle and expressing said nucleic acid in the context of a suitable phage expression system and selecting fusions which expose the desired binding affinity. The fusions in functional alignment basically mean that the order in which the sequences are present can be different and be functional. The heavy chain variable fragment and the structural amino acid sequence encoding parts should be next to each other, in either direction. The phage surface protein encoding nucleic acid can be on either side. The linkage may be direct or indirect. The amino acid sequence designed for keeping a heavy chain variable fragment in the proper conformation will work for other heavy chain variable fragments as well. The invention thus also includes these amino acid sequences (proteinaceous substances) and their encoding nucleic acids. Thus, one can make a library of heavy chain variable fragments in proper conformation, because of the presence of the novel structural sequence.

[0013] The invention further comprises a method for making a library for use in a method according to the invention, comprising cloning a number of randomized nucleic acids derived from a heavy chain variable fragment in functional alignment with a nucleic acid encoding a proteinaceous substance as disclosed hereinabove, and providing the resulting nucleic acid in functional alignment with a nucleic acid encoding a protein expressed associated with the surface of a phage particle and expressing the resulting nucleic acids comprising said heavy chain variable fragment, the proteinaceous substance encoding acid and said surface protein encoding nucleic acid in the context of a suitable phage expression system, thus producing said library. The invention also provides a phage display library obtainable by a method disclosed above.

EXAMPLES Example 1

[0014] Generation of a library of heavy chain variable regions using a soluble variable heavy chain 3 domain (sVH3).

[0015] The phagemid PDV UO3 is the basis vector for generating a library of binding molecules consisting of variable heavy chain 3 domains. A nucleic acid sequence of the phagemid PDV UO3 is given in FIG. 1. Instead of gVIIIp protein in the PDV UO3 vector gIIIp can also be used. The core of the soluble VH3 domain is given in FIG. 2. The dots indicate places, representing CDR1 and CDR2 in an unaltered VH domain, where through varying the amino acid sequence, VH domains of various binding specificities can be obtained. The place marked “CDR3” in the figure, also indicates a place where through varying amino acids, VH domains comprising various binding specificities can be obtained. Of course said CDR3 regions may vary in size, at least according to the natural VH3 size variation in CDR3. By varying the amino acid sequence in the CDR regions it is possible to generate VH3 domains with varying specificities. The solubility of sVH3 versus an unmodified VH3 is due to mutations in framework 2 and framework 3, said mutations leading to a change in the hydrophobicity of the VH3 domain such that the hydrophilicity of the mutated VH3 domain increases. The solubility of sVH3 allows the generation of a phage comprising a binding molecule consisting of a VH domain in the absence of a light chain. Libraries of binding specificities based on sVH3 domains can be generated by methods known in the art as long as the basic amino-acid sequence given in FIG. 2 is used. Other amino-acid sequences then given in FIG. 2 can also be used provided that they result in a sufficiently soluble VH3 domain. A person skilled in the art can arrive at the library by for instance chosen primers with at least partial overlap and building an ever larger part of the sVH3 domain by consecutively amplifying resulting product with a further partially overlapping primer. The CDR3 domain being located at the extreme end of the VH domain requires attention in the amplification procedure. Preferably, one or more (partially overlapping) primers are used that result in a restriction site being present at the extreme end of the amplified product such that the resulting sVH3 library can easily be cloned into PDV UO3. A preferred combination of enzymes to clone the library into PDV UO3 is NcoI and XhoI, wherein NcoI is located near the leader in PDV UO3 that is fused to the start of the sVH3 domain. The resulting phagemids are electroporated into E. coli TG1 or XL1-blueTEN. The bacteria are plated onto suitable culture plates that include 5% glucose. The next day the resulting colonies are collected and stored. Several of these collections are inoculated in liquid medium and helper phages. After 1 night at degrees 30 C the phages are harvested. The resulting phages are selected for the appropriate target and amplified using said bacteria. The amplified phages were sequenced and shown to be as expected.

[0016] Generation of a structural protein capable of supporting proper VH3 function.

[0017] The phagemid PDV UO2 is the basis vector for generating a library of binding molecules consisting of variable heavy chain 3 domains further comprising a structural protein (SP) capable of supporting VH3 function. (SP does not comprise intrinsic antigen binding capacity). The sequence of a first SP (SPI) is obtained by shortening the binding loops of CDR1 and CDR2 in the light chain VΘ3 such that the binding properties are destroyed but the heavy chain supporting function of the light chain is essentially left intact. This is achieved by deleting amino acid from CDR1 and CDR2 such that these CDRs do not contain antigen binding capacity. In this Example, the 4 amino acids representing amino acid 28-31 are omitted from CDR1. These amino acids represent the most variable region in the CDR1 region of Vκ1 (012). From CDR2, 3 amino acids, representing amino acid 53-55 in Vκ1 (O12) are omitted. Vκ1 CDR3 is replaced by a VSV-tag. The VSV-tag used contains the amino acid sequence YTDIEMNRLGK. A nucleic acid encoding SP1 was generated synthetically using assembly PCR and the correctness of the nucleic acid sequence was verified by sequencing. The nucleic acid contains a NotI site and a SacI site such that cloning of SP1 into PDV UO2 does not disrupt the reading frame of the gIII protein. The NotI site is located near the putative N-terminal part of SP1.

[0018] SP2 was generated based on VK3 (A27) by omitting the 5 amino acids representing amino acid 28-31A are omitted from CDR1. These amino acids represent the most variable region in the CDR1 region of Vκ3 (A27). From CDR2, 3 amino acids, representing amino acid 53-55 in Vκ3 (A27) are omitted. The CDR3 of Vκ3 (A27) is replaced by a VSV-tag. The VSV-tag used contains the amino acid sequence YTDIEMNRLGK. A nucleic acid encoding SP2 was generated synthetically using assembly PCR and the correctness of the nucleic acid sequence was verified by sequencing. The nucleic acid contains a NotI site and a SacI site such that cloning of SP2 into PDV UO2 does not disrupt the reading frame of the gIII protein. The NotI site is located near the putative N-terminal part of SP2.

[0019] A VH3 framework and CDR1 and CDR2 randomized region used in this example is depicted in FIG. 4. The nucleic acid sequence encoding this VH3 framework is also given in FIG. 4. This nucleic sequence is optimized for codon usage in both E. coli and human cells. Table 1 depicts nucleic acid sequences that are optimized for codon usage in E. coli and human cells. The nucleic acid sequences encoding the framework are flanked by restriction sites NcoI and XhoI such that the reading frame of the gIII protein is left intact. The framework is cloned into PDV UO2 using the sites indicated. The resulting phagemids containing either SP1 together with the framework or SP2 together with the frame work are electropprated into E. coli TG1 or XL1-blueTEN. The bacteria are plated onto suitable culture plates that include 5% glucose. The next day the resulting colonies are collected and stored. Several of these collections are inoculated in liquid medium and helper phages. After 1 night at 30 degrees C., the phages are harvested. The resulting phages are selected for the appropriate target and amplified using said bacteria. The amplified phages were sequenced and shown to be as expected.

REFERENCES

[0020] 1 Berek, C., & Milstein, C. 1987. Mutation drift and repertoire shift in the maturation of the immune response. Immunol. Rev. 96:23.

[0021] 2 Winter, G. & Milstein, C. 1991. Man-made antibodies. Nature. 349:293.

[0022] 3 Vaughan, T. J., Osbourn, J. K., & Tempest, P. R. 1998. Human antibodies by design. Nat. Biotechnol. 16,535.

[0023] 4 Winter, G., Griffiths, A. D., Hawkins, R. E., & Hoogenboom, H. R. 1994. Making antibodies by phage display technology. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12:433.

[0024] 5 Burton, D. R., & Barbas, C. F. 1994. Human antibodies from combinatorial libraries. Adv. Immunol. 57:191.

[0025] 6 Hoogenboom, H. R. 1994. Designing and optimizing library selection strategies for generating high-affinity antibodies. Trends in Biotechnol. 15:62.

[0026] 7 Marks, J. D., Griffiths, A. D., Malmqvist, M., Clackson, T., Bye, J. M., & Winter, G. 1992. Bypassing immunisation: high affinity human antibodies by chain shuffling. Bio/Technology. 10:779.

[0027] 8 Clackson, T., Hoogenboom, H. R., Griffiths, A. D., & Winter, G. 1991. Making antibody fragments using phage display libraries. Nature., 352:624.

[0028] 9 Hawkins, R. E., Russel, S. J., & Winter. G. 1992. Selection of phage antibodies by binding affinity: mimicking affinity maturation. J. Mol. Biol. 226:889.

[0029] 10 Low, N.M., Holliger, P. H., & Winter, G. 1996. Mimicking somatic hypermutation: affinity maturation of antibodies displayed on bacteriophage using a bacterial mutator strain. J. Mol. Biol. 260,359.

[0030] 11 Barba's, C.F., Hu, D., Dunlop, N., Sawyer, L., Cababa, D., Hendry, R. M., Nara, P. L., & Burton, D. R. 1994. In vitro evolution of a neutralizing human antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to enhance affinity and broaden strain cross-reactivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:3809.

[0031] 12 Yang, W. -P., Green, K., Pinz-Sweeney, S., Briones, A. T., Burton, D. R., & Barbas, C. F. 1995. CDR walking mutagenesis for the affinity maturation of a potent human ant-HIV-1 antibody into the picomolar range. J. Mol. Biol. 254:392.

[0032] 13 Balint, R. F., & Larrick, J. W. 1993. Antibody engineering by parsimonious mutagenesis. Gene. 137:109. TABLE 1 CODON USAGE IN E. COLI AND H. SAPIENS Aminoacid Preferential Alternative Classic Modern codon codons Ala A GCC GCT GCA Cys C TGC TGT Asp D GAT GAC Glu E GAA GAG Phe F TTC TTT Gly G GGC His H CAC CAT Ile I ATC ATT Lys K AAA AAG Leu L CTG Met M ATG Asn N AAC AAT Pro P * Gln Q CAG Arg R CGC Ser S AGC AGT TCC TCT Thr T ACC Val V GTG GTC Trp W TGG Tyr Y TAC TAT # the desired single chain or other antibody products.

[0033]

1 10 1 11 PRT Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence VSV-tag 1 Tyr Thr Asp Ile Glu Met Asn Arg Leu Gly Lys 1 5 10 2 3561 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Phagemid PDV UO3 2 gcgcccaata cgcaaaccgc ctctccccgc gcgttggccg attcattaat gcagctggca 60 cgacaggttt cccgactgga aagcgggcag tgagcgcaac gcaattaatg tgagttagct 120 cactcattag gcaccccagg ctttacactt tatgcttccg gctcgtatgt tgtgtggaat 180 tgtgagcgga taacaatttc acacaggaaa cagctatgac catgattacg ccaagcttgc 240 atgcaaattc tatttcaagg agacagtcta aatgttgaaa aagaaaaaca tttattcaat 300 tcgtaaatta ggtgtaggta ttgcatctgt aacgttaggt accttactta tctctggtgg 360 cgtaacaccg gctgcaaatg cttccatggg ctatccgtac gacgttccgg attatgccta 420 actcgagtta tataccgata ttgaaatgaa ccgcctgggc aaaggcggtc gtgccagccg 480 cttaaaaggc gtgagcaccc cgccgagccc gcagttaatt aacgctgagg gtgacgatcc 540 cgcaaaagcg gcctttgact ccctgcaagc ctcagcgacc gaatatatcg gttatgcgtg 600 ggcgatggtt gttgtcattg tcggcgcaac tatcggtatc aagctgttta agaaattcac 660 ctcgaaagca agctgattaa ttaagaattc actggccgtc gttttacaac gtcgtgactg 720 ggaaaaccct ggcgttaccc aacttaatcg ccttgcagca catccccctt tcgccagctg 780 gcgtaatagc gaagaggccc gcaccgatcg cccttcccaa cagttgcgca gcctgaatgg 840 cgaatggcgc ctgatgcggt attttctcct tacgcatctg tgcggtattt cacaccgcat 900 ataaattgta aacgttaata ttttgttaaa attcgcgtta aatttttgtt aaatcagctc 960 attttttaac caataggccg aaatcggcaa aatcccttat aaatcaaaag aatagcccga 1020 gatagggttg agtgttgttc cagtttggaa caagagtcca ctattaaaga acgtggactc 1080 caacgtcaaa gggcgaaaaa ccgtctatca gggcgatggc ccactacgtg aaccatcacc 1140 caaatcaagt tttttggggt cgaggtgccg taaagcacta aatcggaacc ctaaagggag 1200 cccccgattt agagcttgac ggggaaagcc ggcgaacgtg gcgagaaagg aagggaagaa 1260 agcgaaagga gcgggcgcta gggcgctggc aagtgtagcg gtcacgctgc gcgtaaccac 1320 cacacccgcc gcgcttaatg cgccgctaca gggcgcgtac tatggttgct ttgacgggtg 1380 cactctcagt acaatctgct ctgatgccgc atagttaagc cagccccgac acccgccaac 1440 acccgctgac gcgccctgac gggcttgtct gctcccggca tccgcttaca gacaagctgt 1500 gaccgtctcc gggagctgca tgtgtcagag gttttcaccg tcatcaccga aacgcgcgag 1560 acgaaagggc ctcgtgatac gcctattttt ataggttaat gtcatgataa taatggtttc 1620 ttagacgtca ggtggcactt ttcggggaaa tgtgcgcgga acccctattt gtttattttt 1680 ctaaatacat tcaaatatgt atccgctcat gagacaataa ccctgataaa tgcttcaata 1740 atattgaaaa aggaagagta tgagtattca acatttccgt gtcgccctta ttcccttttt 1800 tgcggcattt tgccttcctg tttttgctca cccagaaacg ctggtgaaag taaaagatgc 1860 tgaagatcag ttgggtgcac gagtgggtta catcgaactg gatctcaaca gcggtaagat 1920 ccttgagagt tttcgccccg aagaacgttt tccaatgatg agcactttta aagttctgct 1980 atgtggcgcg gtattatccc gtattgacgc cgggcaagag caactcggtc gccgcataca 2040 ctattctcag aatgacttgg ttgagtactc accagtcaca gaaaagcatc ttacggatgg 2100 catgacagta agagaattat gcagtgctgc cataaccatg agtgataaca ctgcggccaa 2160 cttacttctg acaacgatcg gaggaccgaa ggagctaacc gcttttttgc acaacatggg 2220 ggatcatgta actcgccttg atcgttggga accggagctg aatgaagcca taccaaacga 2280 cgagcgtgac accacgatgc ctgtagcaat ggcaacaacg ttgcgcaaac tattaactgg 2340 cgaactactt actctagctt cccggcaaca attaatagac tggatggagg cggataaagt 2400 tgcaggacca cttctgcgct cggcccttcc ggctggctgg tttattgctg ataaatctgg 2460 agccggtgag cgtgggtctc gcggtatcat tgcagcactg gggccagatg gtaagccctc 2520 ccgtatcgta gttatctaca cgacggggag tcaggcaact atggatgaac gaaatagaca 2580 gatcgctgag ataggtgcct cactgattaa gcattggtaa ctgtcagacc aagtttactc 2640 atatatactt tagattgatt taaaacttca tttttaattt aaaaggatct aggtgaagat 2700 cctttttgat aatctcatga ccaaaatccc ttaacgtgag ttttcgttcc actgagcgtc 2760 agaccccgta gaaaagatca aaggatcttc ttgagatcct ttttttctgc gcgtaatctg 2820 ctgcttgcaa acaaaaaaac caccgctacc agcggtggtt tgtttgccgg atcaagagct 2880 accaactctt tttccgaagg taactggctt cagcagagcg cagataccaa atactgtcct 2940 tctagtgtag ccgtagttag gccaccactt caagaactct gtagcaccgc ctacatacct 3000 cgctctgcta atcctgttac cagtggctgc tgccagtggc gataagtcgt gtcttaccgg 3060 gttggactca agacgatagt taccggataa ggcgcagcgg tcgggctgaa cggggggttc 3120 gtgcacacag cccagcttgg agcgaacgac ctacaccgaa ctgagatacc tacagcgtga 3180 gctatgagaa agcgccacgc ttcccgaagg gagaaaggcg gacaggtatc cggtaagcgg 3240 cagggtcgga acaggagagc gcacgaggga gcttccaggg ggaaacgcct ggtatcttta 3300 tagtcctgtc gggtttcgcc acctctgact tgagcgtcga tttttgtgat gctcgtcagg 3360 ggggcggagc ctatggaaaa acgccagcaa cgcggccttt ttacggttcc tggccttttg 3420 ctggcctttt gctcacatgt tctttcctgc gttatcccct gattctgtgg ataaccgtat 3480 taccgccttt gagtgagctg ataccgctcg ccgcagccga acgaccgagc gcagcgagtc 3540 agtgagcgag gaagcggaag a 3561 3 3561 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Phagemid PDV UO3 3 cgcgggttat gcgtttggcg gagaggggcg cgcaaccggc taagtaatta cgtcgaccgt 60 gctgtccaaa gggctgacct ttcgcccgtc actcgcgttg cgttaattac actcaatcga 120 gtgagtaatc cgtggggtcc gaaatgtgaa atacgaaggc cgagcataca acacacctta 180 acactcgcct attgttaaag tgtgtccttt gtcgatactg gtactaatgc ggttcgaacg 240 tacgtttaag ataaagttcc tctgtcagat ttacaacttt ttctttttgt aaataagtta 300 agcatttaat ccacatccat aacgtagaca ttgcaatcca tggaatgaat agagaccacc 360 gcattgtggc cgacgtttac gaaggtaccc gataggcatg ctgcaaggcc taatacggat 420 tgagctcaat atatggctat aactttactt ggcggacccg tttccgccag cacggtcggc 480 gaattttccg cactcgtggg gcggctcggg cgtcaattaa ttgcgactcc cactgctagg 540 gcgttttcgc cggaaactga gggacgttcg gagtcgctgg cttatatagc caatacgcac 600 ccgctaccaa caacagtaac agccgcgttg atagccatag ttcgacaaat tctttaagtg 660 gagctttcgt tcgactaatt aattcttaag tgaccggcag caaaatgttg cagcactgac 720 ccttttggga ccgcaatggg ttgaattagc ggaacgtcgt gtagggggaa agcggtcgac 780 cgcattatcg cttctccggg cgtggctagc gggaagggtt gtcaacgcgt cggacttacc 840 gcttaccgcg gactacgcca taaaagagga atgcgtagac acgccataaa gtgtggcgta 900 tatttaacat ttgcaattat aaaacaattt taagcgcaat ttaaaaacaa tttagtcgag 960 taaaaaattg gttatccggc tttagccgtt ttagggaata tttagttttc ttatcgggct 1020 ctatcccaac tcacaacaag gtcaaacctt gttctcaggt gataatttct tgcacctgag 1080 gttgcagttt cccgcttttt ggcagatagt cccgctaccg ggtgatgcac ttggtagtgg 1140 gtttagttca aaaaacccca gctccacggc atttcgtgat ttagccttgg gatttccctc 1200 gggggctaaa tctcgaactg cccctttcgg ccgcttgcac cgctctttcc ttcccttctt 1260 tcgctttcct cgcccgcgat cccgcgaccg ttcacatcgc cagtgcgacg cgcattggtg 1320 gtgtgggcgg cgcgaattac gcggcgatgt cccgcgcatg ataccaacga aactgcccac 1380 gtgagagtca tgttagacga gactacggcg tatcaattcg gtcggggctg tgggcggttg 1440 tgggcgactg cgcgggactg cccgaacaga cgagggccgt aggcgaatgt ctgttcgaca 1500 ctggcagagg ccctcgacgt acacagtctc caaaagtggc agtagtggct ttgcgcgctc 1560 tgctttcccg gagcactatg cggataaaaa tatccaatta cagtactatt attaccaaag 1620 aatctgcagt ccaccgtgaa aagccccttt acacgcgcct tggggataaa caaataaaaa 1680 gatttatgta agtttataca taggcgagta ctctgttatt gggactattt acgaagttat 1740 tataactttt tccttctcat actcataagt tgtaaaggca cagcgggaat aagggaaaaa 1800 acgccgtaaa acggaaggac aaaaacgagt gggtctttgc gaccactttc attttctacg 1860 acttctagtc aacccacgtg ctcacccaat gtagcttgac ctagagttgt cgccattcta 1920 ggaactctca aaagcggggc ttcttgcaaa aggttactac tcgtgaaaat ttcaagacga 1980 tacaccgcgc cataataggg cataactgcg gcccgttctc gttgagccag cggcgtatgt 2040 gataagagtc ttactgaacc aactcatgag tggtcagtgt cttttcgtag aatgcctacc 2100 gtactgtcat tctcttaata cgtcacgacg gtattggtac tcactattgt gacgccggtt 2160 gaatgaagac tgttgctagc ctcctggctt cctcgattgg cgaaaaaacg tgttgtaccc 2220 cctagtacat tgagcggaac tagcaaccct tggcctcgac ttacttcggt atggtttgct 2280 gctcgcactg tggtgctacg gacatcgtta ccgttgttgc aacgcgtttg ataattgacc 2340 gcttgatgaa tgagatcgaa gggccgttgt taattatctg acctacctcc gcctatttca 2400 acgtcctggt gaagacgcga gccgggaagg ccgaccgacc aaataacgac tatttagacc 2460 tcggccactc gcacccagag cgccatagta acgtcgtgac cccggtctac cattcgggag 2520 ggcatagcat caatagatgt gctgcccctc agtccgttga tacctacttg ctttatctgt 2580 ctagcgactc tatccacgga gtgactaatt cgtaaccatt gacagtctgg ttcaaatgag 2640 tatatatgaa atctaactaa attttgaagt aaaaattaaa ttttcctaga tccacttcta 2700 ggaaaaacta ttagagtact ggttttaggg aattgcactc aaaagcaagg tgactcgcag 2760 tctggggcat cttttctagt ttcctagaag aactctagga aaaaaagacg cgcattagac 2820 gacgaacgtt tgtttttttg gtggcgatgg tcgccaccaa acaaacggcc tagttctcga 2880 tggttgagaa aaaggcttcc attgaccgaa gtcgtctcgc gtctatggtt tatgacagga 2940 agatcacatc ggcatcaatc cggtggtgaa gttcttgaga catcgtggcg gatgtatgga 3000 gcgagacgat taggacaatg gtcaccgacg acggtcaccg ctattcagca cagaatggcc 3060 caacctgagt tctgctatca atggcctatt ccgcgtcgcc agcccgactt gccccccaag 3120 cacgtgtgtc gggtcgaacc tcgcttgctg gatgtggctt gactctatgg atgtcgcact 3180 cgatactctt tcgcggtgcg aagggcttcc ctctttccgc ctgtccatag gccattcgcc 3240 gtcccagcct tgtcctctcg cgtgctccct cgaaggtccc cctttgcgga ccatagaaat 3300 atcaggacag cccaaagcgg tggagactga actcgcagct aaaaacacta cgagcagtcc 3360 ccccgcctcg gatacctttt tgcggtcgtt gcgccggaaa aatgccaagg accggaaaac 3420 gaccggaaaa cgagtgtaca agaaaggacg caatagggga ctaagacacc tattggcata 3480 atggcggaaa ctcactcgac tatggcgagc ggcgtcggct tgctggctcg cgtcgctcag 3540 tcactcgctc cttcgccttc t 3561 4 96 PRT Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Soluble VH3 domain core 4 Gln Val Gln Leu Val Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Gln Ala Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa 20 25 30 Tyr Met Gly Trp Phe Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Glu Arg Glu Leu Val 35 40 45 Ala Ala Ile Xaa Xaa Gly Xaa Ser Thr Tyr Tyr Ala Asp Ser Val Lys 50 55 60 Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Ala Lys Asn Thr Val Tyr Leu 65 70 75 80 Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Lys Pro Glu Asp Thr Ala Val Tyr Tyr Cys Ala 85 90 95 5 378 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence PDV-UO2 cloning region 5 tgcatgcaaa ttctatttca aggagacagt ctaaatgttg aaaaagaaaa acatttattc 60 aattcgtaaa ttaggtgtag gtattgcatc tgtaacgtta ggtaccttac ttatctctgg 120 tggcgtaaca ccggctgcaa atgcttccat gggctatccg tacgacgttc cggattatgc 180 ctaactcgag ggtaccggag gttccggcgg aaccgggtct gggactggta cgagcgagct 240 cgaacagaaa ttaatctctg aggaagactt ggcggccgca ttatataccg atattgaaat 300 gaaccgcctg ggcaaaggct agggtcgtgc cagccgctta aaaggcgtga gcaccccgcc 360 gagcccgcag ttaattaa 378 6 378 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence PDV-UO2 cloning region 6 acgtacgttt aagataaagt tcctctgtca gatttacaac tttttctttt tgtaaataag 60 ttaagcattt aatccacatc cataacgtag acattgcaat ccatggaatg aatagagacc 120 accgcattgt ggccgacgtt tacgaaggta cccgataggc atgctgcaag gcctaatacg 180 gattgagctc ccatggcctc caaggccgcc ttggcccaga ccctgaccat gctcgctcga 240 gcttgtcttt aattagagac tccttctgaa ccgccggcgt aatatatggc tataacttta 300 cttggcggac ccgtttccga tcccagcacg gtcggcgaat tttccgcact cgtggggcgg 360 ctcgggcgtc aattaatt 378 7 4715 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence PDV-UO2 sequence 7 gcgcccaata cgcaaaccgc ctctccccgc gcgttggccg attcattaat gcagctggca 60 cgacaggttt cccgactgga aagcgggcag tgagcgcaac gcaattaatg tgagttagct 120 cactcattag gcaccccagg ctttacactt tatgcttccg gctcgtatgt tgtgtggaat 180 tgtgagcgga taacaatttc acacaggaaa cagctatgac catgattacg ccaagcttgc 240 atgcaaattc tatttcaagg agacagtcta aatgttgaaa aagaaaaaca tttattcaat 300 tcgtaaatta ggtgtaggta ttgcatctgt aacgttaggt accttactta tctctggtgg 360 cgtaacaccg gctgcaaatg cttccatggg ctatccgtac gacgttccgg attatgccta 420 actcgagggt accggaggtt ccggcggaac cgggtctggg actggtacga gcgagctcga 480 acagaaatta atctctgagc aagacttggc ggccgcatta tataccgata ttgaaatgaa 540 ccgcctgggc aaaggctagg gtcgtgccag ccgcttaaaa ggcgtgagca ccccgccgag 600 cccgcagtta attaacgaaa ctgttgaaag ttgtttagca aaacctcata cagaaaattc 660 atttactaac gtctggaaag acgacaaaac tttagatcgt tacgctaact atgagggctg 720 tctgtggaat gctacaggcg ttgtggtttg tactggtgac gaaactcagt gttacggtac 780 atgggttcct attgggcttg ctatccctga aaatgagggt ggtggctctg agggtggcgg 840 ttctgagggt ggcggttctg agggtggcgg tactaaacct cctgagtacg gtgatacacc 900 tattccgggc tatacttata tcaaccctct cgacggcact tatccgcctg gtactgagca 960 aaaccccgct aatcctaatc cttctcttga ggagtctcag cctcttaata ctttcatgtt 1020 tcagaataat aggttccgaa ataggcaggg tgcattaact gtttatacgg gcactgttac 1080 tcaaggcact gaccccgtta aaacttatta ccagtacact cctgtatcat caaaagccat 1140 gtatgacgct tactggaacg gtaaattcag agactgcgct ttccattctg gctttaatga 1200 ggatccattc gtttgtgaat atcaaggcca atcgtctgac ctgcctcaac ctcctgtcaa 1260 tgctggcggc ggctctggtg gtggttctgg tggcggctct gagggtggcg gctctgaggg 1320 tggcggttct gagggtggcg gctctgaggg tggcggttcc ggtggcggct ccggttccgg 1380 tgattttgat tatgaaaaaa tggcaaacgc taataagggg gctatgaccg aaaatgccga 1440 tgaaaacgcg ctacagtctg acgctaaagg caaacttgat tctgtcgcta ctgattacgg 1500 tgctgctatc gatggtttca ttggtgacgt ttccggcctt gctaatggta atggtgctac 1560 tggtgatttt gctggctcta attcccaaat ggctcaagtc ggtgacggtg ataattcacc 1620 tttaatgaat aatttccgtc aatatttacc ttctttgcct cagtcggttg aatgtcgccc 1680 ttatgtcttt ggcgctggta aaccatatga attttctatt gattgtgaca aaataaactt 1740 attccgtggt gtctttgcgt ttcttttata tgttgccacc tttatgtatg tattttcgac 1800 gtttgctaac atactgcgta ataaggagtc ttaattaaga attcactggc cgtcgtttta 1860 caacgtcgtg actgggaaaa ccctggcgtt acccaactta atcgccttgc agcacatccc 1920 cctttcgcca gctggcgtaa tagcgaagag gcccgcaccg atcgcccttc ccaacagttg 1980 cgcagcctga atggcgaatg gcgcctgatg cggtattttc tccttacgca tctgtgcggt 2040 atttcacacc gcatataaat tgtaaacgtt aatattttgt taaaattcgc gttaaatttt 2100 tgttaaatca gctcattttt taaccaatag gccgaaatcg gcaaaatccc ttataaatca 2160 aaagaatagc ccgagatagg gttgagtgtt gttccagttt ggaacaagag tccactatta 2220 aagaacgtgg actccaacgt caaagggcga aaaaccgtct atcagggcga tggcccacta 2280 cgtgaaccat cacccaaatc aagttttttg gggtcgaggt gccgtaaagc actaaatcgg 2340 aaccctaaag ggagcccccg atttagagct tgacggggaa agccggcgaa cgtggcgaga 2400 aaggaaggga agaaagcgaa aggagcgggc gctagggcgc tggcaagtgt agcggtcacg 2460 ctgcgcgtaa ccaccacacc cgccgcgctt aatgcgccgc tacagggcgc gtactatggt 2520 tgctttgacg ggtgcactct cagtacaatc tgctctgatg ccgcatagtt aagccagccc 2580 cgacacccgc caacacccgc tgacgcgccc tgacgggctt gtctgctccc ggcatccgct 2640 tacagacaag ctgtgaccgt ctccgggagc tgcatgtgtc agaggttttc accgtcatca 2700 ccgaaacgcg cgagacgaaa gggcctcgtg atacgcctat ttttataggt taatgtcatg 2760 ataataatgg tttcttagac gtcaggtggc acttttcggg gaaatgtgcg cggaacccct 2820 atttgtttat ttttctaaat acattcaaat atgtatccgc tcatgagaca ataaccctga 2880 taaatgcttc aataatattg aaaaaggaag agtatgagta ttcaacattt ccgtgtcgcc 2940 cttattccct tttttgcggc attttgcctt cctgtttttg ctcacccaga aacgctggtg 3000 aaagtaaaag atgctgaaga tcagttgggt gcacgagtgg gttacatcga actggatctc 3060 aacagcggta agatccttga gagttttcgc cccgaagaac gttttccaat gatgagcact 3120 tttaaagttc tgctatgtgg cgcggtatta tcccgtattg acgccgggca agagcaactc 3180 ggtcgccgca tacactattc tcagaatgac ttggttgagt actcaccagt cacagaaaag 3240 catcttacgg atggcatgac agtaagagaa ttatgcagtg ctgccataac catgagtgat 3300 aacactgcgg ccaacttact tctgacaacg atcggaggac cgaaggagct aaccgctttt 3360 ttgcacaaca tgggggatca tgtaactcgc cttgatcgtt gggaaccgga gctgaatgaa 3420 gccataccaa acgacgagcg tgacaccacg atgcctgtag caatggcaac aacgttgcgc 3480 aaactattaa ctggcgaact acttactcta gcttcccggc aacaattaat agactggatg 3540 gaggcggata aagttgcagg accacttctg cgctcggccc ttccggctgg ctggtttatt 3600 gctgataaat ctggagccgg tgagcgtggg tctcgcggta tcattgcagc actggggcca 3660 gatggtaagc cctcccgtat cgtagttatc tacacgacgg ggagtcaggc aactatggat 3720 gaacgaaata gacagatcgc tgagataggt gcctcactga ttaagcattg gtaactgtca 3780 gaccaagttt actcatatat actttagatt gatttaaaac ttcattttta atttaaaagg 3840 atctaggtga agatcctttt tgataatctc atgaccaaaa tcccttaacg tgagttttcg 3900 ttccactgag cgtcagaccc cgtagaaaag atcaaaggat cttcttgaga tccttttttt 3960 ctgcgcgtaa tctgctgctt gcaaacaaaa aaaccaccgc taccagcggt ggtttgtttg 4020 ccggatcaag agctaccaac tctttttccg aaggtaactg gcttcagcag agcgcagata 4080 ccaaatactg tccttctagt gtagccgtag ttaggccacc acttcaagaa ctctgtagca 4140 ccgcctacat acctcgctct gctaatcctg ttaccagtgg ctgctgccag tggcgataag 4200 tcgtgtctta ccgggttgga ctcaagacga tagttaccgg ataaggcgca gcggtcgggc 4260 tgaacggggg gttcgtgcac acagcccagc ttggagcgaa cgacctacac cgaactgaga 4320 tacctacagc gtgagctatg agaaagcgcc acgcttcccg aagggagaaa ggcggacagg 4380 tatccggtaa gcggcagggt cggaacagga gagcgcacga gggagcttcc agggggaaac 4440 gcctggtatc tttatagtcc tgtcgggttt cgccacctct gacttgagcg tcgatttttg 4500 tgatgctcgt caggggggcg gagcctatgg aaaaacgcca gcaacgcggc ctttttacgg 4560 ttcctggcct tttgctggcc ttttgctcac atgttctttc ctgcgttatc ccctgattct 4620 gtggataacc gtattaccgc ctttgagtga gctgataccg ctcgccgcag ccgaacgacc 4680 gagcgcagcg agtcagtgag cgaggaagcg gaaga 4715 8 4715 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence PDV U02 sequence 8 cgcgggttat gcgtttggcg gagaggggcg cgcaaccggc taagtaatta cgtcgaccgt 60 gctgtccaaa gggctgacct ttcgcccgtc actcgcgttg cgttaattac actcaatcga 120 gtgagtaatc cgtggggtcc gaaatgtgaa atacgaaggc cgagcataca acacacctta 180 acactcgcct attgttaaag tgtgtccttt gtcgatactg gtactaatgc ggttcgaacg 240 tacgtttaag ataaagttcc tctgtcagat ttacaacttt ttctttttgt aaataagtta 300 agcatttaat ccacatccat aacgtagaca ttgcaatcca tggaatgaat agagaccacc 360 gcattgtggc cgacgtttac gaaggtaccc gataggcatg ctgcaaggcc taatacggat 420 tgagctccca tggcctccaa ggccgccttg gcccagaccc tgaccatgct cgctcgagct 480 tgtctttaat tagagactcc ttctgaaccg ccggcgtaat atatggctat aactttactt 540 ggcggacccg tttccgatcc cagcacggtc ggcgaatttt ccgcactcgt ggggcggctc 600 gggcgtcaat taattgcttt gacaactttc aacaaatcgt tttggagtat gtcttttaag 660 taaatgattg cagacctttc tgctgttttg aaatctagca atgcgattga tactcccgac 720 agacacctta cgatgtccgc aacaccaaac atgaccactg ctttgagtca caatgccatg 780 tacccaagga taacccgaac gatagggact tttactccca ccaccgagac tcccaccgcc 840 aagactccca ccgccaagac tcccaccgcc atgatttgga ggactcatgc cactatgtgg 900 ataaggcccg atatgaatat agttgggaga gctgccgtga ataggcggac catgactcgt 960 tttggggcga ttaggattag gaagagaact cctcagagtc ggagaattat gaaagtacaa 1020 agtcttatta tccaaggctt tatccgtccc acgtaattga caaatatgcc cgtgacaatg 1080 agttccgtga ctggggcaat tttgaataat ggtcatgtga ggacatagta gttttcggta 1140 catactgcga atgaccttgc catttaagtc tctgacgcga aaggtaagac cgaaattact 1200 cctaggtaag caaacactta tagttccggt tagcagactg gacggagttg gaggacagtt 1260 acgaccgccg ccgagaccac caccaagacc accgccgaga ctcccaccgc cgagactccc 1320 accgccaaga ctcccaccgc cgagactccc accgccaagg ccaccgccga ggccaaggcc 1380 actaaaacta atactttttt accgtttgcg attattcccc cgatactggc ttttacggct 1440 acttttgcgc gatgtcagac tgcgatttcc gtttgaacta agacagcgat gactaatgcc 1500 acgacgatag ctaccaaagt aaccactgca aaggccggaa cgattaccat taccacgatg 1560 accactaaaa cgaccgagat taagggttta ccgagttcag ccactgccac tattaagtgg 1620 aaattactta ttaaaggcag ttataaatgg aagaaacgga gtcagccaac ttacagcggg 1680 aatacagaaa ccgcgaccat ttggtatact taaaagataa ctaacactgt tttatttgaa 1740 taaggcacca cagaaacgca aagaaaatat acaacggtgg aaatacatac ataaaagctg 1800 caaacgattg tatgacgcat tattcctcag aattaattct taagtgaccg gcagcaaaat 1860 gttgcagcac tgaccctttt gggaccgcaa tgggttgaat tagcggaacg tcgtgtaggg 1920 ggaaagcggt cgaccgcatt atcgcttctc cgggcgtggc tagcgggaag ggttgtcaac 1980 gcgtcggact taccgcttac cgcggactac gccataaaag aggaatgcgt agacacgcca 2040 taaagtgtgg cgtatattta acatttgcaa ttataaaaca attttaagcg caatttaaaa 2100 acaatttagt cgagtaaaaa attggttatc cggctttagc cgttttaggg aatatttagt 2160 tttcttatcg ggctctatcc caactcacaa caaggtcaaa ccttgttctc aggtgataat 2220 ttcttgcacc tgaggttgca gtttcccgct ttttggcaga tagtcccgct accgggtgat 2280 gcacttggta gtgggtttag ttcaaaaaac cccagctcca cggcatttcg tgatttagcc 2340 ttgggatttc cctcgggggc taaatctcga actgcccctt tcggccgctt gcaccgctct 2400 ttccttccct tctttcgctt tcctcgcccg cgatcccgcg accgttcaca tcgccagtgc 2460 gacgcgcatt ggtggtgtgg gcggcgcgaa ttacgcggcg atgtcccgcg catgatacca 2520 acgaaactgc ccacgtgaga gtcatgttag acgagactac ggcgtatcaa ttcggtcggg 2580 gctgtgggcg gttgtgggcg actgcgcggg actgcccgaa cagacgaggg ccgtaggcga 2640 atgtctgttc gacactggca gaggccctcg acgtacacag tctccaaaag tggcagtagt 2700 ggctttgcgc gctctgcttt cccggagcac tatgcggata aaaatatcca attacagtac 2760 tattattacc aaagaatctg cagtccaccg tgaaaagccc ctttacacgc gccttgggga 2820 taaacaaata aaaagattta tgtaagttta tacataggcg agtactctgt tattgggact 2880 atttacgaag ttattataac tttttccttc tcatactcat aagttgtaaa ggcacagcgg 2940 gaataaggga aaaaacgccg taaaacggaa ggacaaaaac gagtgggtct ttgcgaccac 3000 tttcattttc tacgacttct agtcaaccca cgtgctcacc caatgtagct tgacctagag 3060 ttgtcgccat tctaggaact ctcaaaagcg gggcttcttg caaaaggtta ctactcgtga 3120 aaatttcaag acgatacacc gcgccataat agggcataac tgcggcccgt tctcgttgag 3180 ccagcggcgt atgtgataag agtcttactg aaccaactca tgagtggtca gtgtcttttc 3240 gtagaatgcc taccgtactg tcattctctt aatacgtcac gacggtattg gtactcacta 3300 ttgtgacgcc ggttgaatga agactgttgc tagcctcctg gcttcctcga ttggcgaaaa 3360 aacgtgttgt accccctagt acattgagcg gaactagcaa cccttggcct cgacttactt 3420 cggtatggtt tgctgctcgc actgtggtgc tacggacatc gttaccgttg ttgcaacgcg 3480 tttgataatt gaccgcttga tgaatgagat cgaagggccg ttgttaatta tctgacctac 3540 ctccgcctat ttcaacgtcc tggtgaagac gcgagccggg aaggccgacc gaccaaataa 3600 cgactattta gacctcggcc actcgcaccc agagcgccat agtaacgtcg tgaccccggt 3660 ctaccattcg ggagggcata gcatcaatag atgtgctgcc cctcagtccg ttgataccta 3720 cttgctttat ctgtctagcg actctatcca cggagtgact aattcgtaac cattgacagt 3780 ctggttcaaa tgagtatata tgaaatctaa ctaaattttg aagtaaaaat taaattttcc 3840 tagatccact tctaggaaaa actattagag tactggtttt agggaattgc actcaaaagc 3900 aaggtgactc gcagtctggg gcatcttttc tagtttccta gaagaactct aggaaaaaaa 3960 gacgcgcatt agacgacgaa cgtttgtttt tttggtggcg atggtcgcca ccaaacaaac 4020 ggcctagttc tcgatggttg agaaaaaggc ttccattgac cgaagtcgtc tcgcgtctat 4080 ggtttatgac aggaagatca catcggcatc aatccggtgg tgaagttctt gagacatcgt 4140 ggcggatgta tggagcgaga cgattaggac aatggtcacc gacgacggtc accgctattc 4200 agcacagaat ggcccaacct gagttctgct atcaatggcc tattccgcgt cgccagcccg 4260 acttgccccc caagcacgtg tgtcgggtcg aacctcgctt gctggatgtg gcttgactct 4320 atggatgtcg cactcgatac tctttcgcgg tgcgaagggc ttccctcttt ccgcctgtcc 4380 ataggccatt cgccgtccca gccttgtcct ctcgcgtgct ccctcgaagg tccccctttg 4440 cggaccatag aaatatcagg acagcccaaa gcggtggaga ctgaactcgc agctaaaaac 4500 actacgagca gtccccccgc ctcggatacc tttttgcggt cgttgcgccg gaaaaatgcc 4560 aaggaccgga aaacgaccgg aaaacgagtg tacaagaaag gacgcaatag gggactaaga 4620 cacctattgg cataatggcg gaaactcact cgactatggc gagcggcgtc ggcttgctgg 4680 ctcgcgtcgc tcagtcactc gctccttcgc cttct 4715 9 98 PRT Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Part of variable fragment 9 Glu Val Gln Leu Xaa Glu Ser Gly Gly Gly Leu Val Xaa Pro Gly Gly 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Arg Leu Ser Cys Ala Ala Ser Gly Phe Thr Phe Ser Xaa Xaa 20 25 30 Xaa Met Xaa Trp Val Arg Gln Ala Pro Gly Lys Gly Leu Glu Trp Val 35 40 45 Ala Xaa Ile Xaa Xaa Asp Gly Xaa Xaa Xaa Xaa Tyr Xaa Asp Ser Val 50 55 60 Lys Gly Arg Phe Thr Ile Ser Arg Asp Asn Xaa Lys Asn Xaa Leu Tyr 65 70 75 80 Leu Gln Met Asn Ser Leu Arg Xaa Glu Asp Thr Ala Xaa Tyr Tyr Cys 85 90 95 Ala Xaa 10 294 DNA Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence Nucleic Acid sequence encoding 10 gaagtgcagc tgstggaaag cggcggcggc ctggtgmagc cgggcggcag cctgcgcctg 60 agctgcgcag ctagcggctt caccttcagc rrckmckvsa tgmvctgggt gcgccaggcc 120 ccgggcaaag gcctcgagtg ggtggccvwt attwrkbakg atggcmrcra wraatwttac 180 gycgatagcg tgaaaggccg cttcaccatc agccgcgata ackccaaaaa cwccctgtac 240 ctgcagatga acagcctgcg cgmcgaagat accgccstgt actactgcgc acgc 294 

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for producing a human monoclonal antibody, said method comprising: providing a library of binding molecules, the binding domain of which consists essentially of human heavy chain variable fragments in a functional format, selecting from said library of binding molecules at least one heavy chain variable fragment having a desired binding affinity, inserting a nucleic acid encoding said heavy chain variable fragment having a desired binding affinity into a nucleic acid encoding the complementary part of at least a heavy chain of a human monoclonal antibody, and allowing for expression of the resulting heavy chain and for assembly of said heavy chain with a desired light chain, thus producing a human monoclonal antibody.
 2. The process of claim 1 wherein said heavy chain variable fragment having a desired binding affinity is in a functional format through fusion to a structural protein designed for that purpose.
 3. The process of claim 1, wherein at least one sequence of said heavy chain variable fragment relevant only for association with a light chain is removed.
 4. The process of claim 1, wherein the complementary part of the heavy chain is derived from VH3, VH4 or VH1.
 5. The process of claim 1, wherein the light chain is derived from a member of a Vkappa1, Vkappa3 and Vlambda3 gene family.
 6. Human monoclonal antibody produced by the process of claim
 1. 7. Human monoclonal antibody produced by the process of claim
 2. 8. Human monoclonal antibody produced by the process of claim
 3. 9. Human monoclonal antibody produced by the process of claim
 4. 10. Human monoclonal antibody produced by the process of claim
 5. 11. A method for producing a structural amino acid sequence or a nucleic acid sequence encoding such an amino acid sequence for keeping a human heavy chain variable fragment in a functional format upon expression of a nucleic acid encoding such a fragment in a fusion with a nucleic acid encoding a protein expressed associated with the surface of a phage particle, said method comprising: fusing a nucleic acid sequence encoding a possible structural amino acid sequence to a nucleic acid which is a fusion of a human heavy chain variable fragment with a known binding affinity and said nucleic acid encoding a protein expressed associated with the surface of a phage particle, and expressing said nucleic acid in the context of a suitable phage expression system and selecting fusions which expose the desired binding affinity.
 12. A proteinaceous substance or a nucleic acid encoding it, which substance is capable of keeping a heavy chain variable fragment in a functional conformation, produced by a method according to claim
 11. 13. A method for making a library of binding molecules, said method comprising: cloning a number of randomized nucleic acids derived from a heavy chain variable fragment in functional alignment with a nucleic acid encoding the proteinaceous substance of claim 12, and providing the resulting nucleic acid in functional alignment with a nucleic acid encoding a protein expressed associated with the surface of a phage particle and expressing the resulting nucleic acids comprising said heavy chain variable fragment, said proteinaceous substance encoding acid and said surface protein encoding nucleic acid in the context of a suitable phage expression system, thus producing said library.
 14. A phage display library obtainable by the method according to claim
 13. 